Improving access to and the quality of treatment services is a crucial step in addressing the complex issue of substance use disorders and related mental health challenges. 33 participants from 19 Pompidou Group members states gathered in Bologna, Italy on 12-15 March 2024 for the Module I of the annual Pompidou Group thematic training which addresses this topic. During the intensive programme participants were provided with up-to-date information on treatment approaches, formats, modalities, and medication-assisted treatments for various substance use disorders. An exploration of therapeutic communities as a treatment approach and discussions on how treatment can serve as a viable alternative to incarceration for individuals with substance use disorders, reducing relapse rates and promoting rehabilitation were among the elements of the programme. The highlight of this first part of the training was the visit of the Italian Therapeutical Community San Patrignano.