European Convention on Human Rights

• Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

Artificial Intelligence

• Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence

Cybercrime

• Convention on Cybercrime (ETS No. 185) [Budapest Convention]
• Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems (ETS No. 189)
• Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on enhanced co-operation and disclosure of electronic evidence (CETS No. 224)

Protection of specific groups

• Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (CETS No. 201) [Lanzarote Convention]
• Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210) [Istanbul Convention]

Counter-Terrorism

• Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (CETS No. 196)
• Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (CETS No. 217)

Protection of Personal Data

• Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (ETS No. 108) [Convention 108]
• Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (CETS No. 223) [Convention 108+]

Recommendation CM/Rec(2026)XX on the online safety and empowerment of users and content creators (forthcoming)

Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)13 on the impacts of digital technologies on freedom of expression

Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)12 on electoral communication and media coverage of election campaigns

Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)11 on principles for media and communication governance and Explanatory Memorandum

Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)4 on promoting a favourable environment for quality journalism in the digital age

Recommendation CM/Rec(2020)1 on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems

Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)2 on the roles and responsibilities of internet intermediaries;

Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)1 on media pluralism and transparency of media ownership;

Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)5 on Internet freedom;

Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)3  on human rights and business

Recommendation CM/Rec(2011)7 on a new notion of media

Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)16 on measures to promote the public service value of the Internet

Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)3 on the remit of public service media in the information society and Explanatory Memorandum

Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)2 on media pluralism and diversity of media content

Recommendation Rec(99)1 on measures to promote media pluralism

Recommendation Rec(94)13 on measures to promote media transparency

2025 Guidance Note on the implications of generative artificial intelligence for freedom of expression

2023 Guidance Note on countering the spread of online mis- and disinformation through fact-checking and platform design solutions in a human rights compliant manner – Explanatory memorandum (see also CM(2024)9-add1, 30 January 2024)

2021 Guidance Note on Content Moderation: Best practices towards effective legal and procedural frameworks for self-regulatory and co-regulatory mechanisms of content moderation

2021 Guidance Note on the Prioritisation of Public Interest Content Online