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What is cyberviolence against children?

Cyberviolence against children

The Internet exposes children to a wealth of opportunities, but also risks that may have a detrimental impact on their human rights. Some of these risks include, but are not limited to:

 

online child sexual exploitation and abuse 

online grooming

cyberbullying

online stalking

What can we do?

Given the complexity of this phenomenon, countries need to have a multidisciplinary approach.

 The first step of this process is to harmonise national legislation with the international standards of the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention) and the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention).

 However, legislation is not enough, and criminal justice authorities require additional capacities, especially law enforcement and the judiciary. The main challenges they face are posed by new technologies, collection of electronic evidence and international cooperation.

 In this regard, the Council of Europe implements a number of capacity building projects aiming to address this challenge:

What are the Council of Europe instruments?

Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention)

One of the aims of the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (also known as the "Budapest Convention")  is to modernise criminal law provisions to prevent computer systems from being used to facilitate sexual abuse and exploitation of children. The Convention seeks to strengthen protective measures for children against sexual exploitation, by criminalizing various aspects of electronic production, possession and distribution of child pornography (Article 9).

Furthermore, the Convention introduces procedural law measures and sets up a fast and effective regime of international cooperation to enable investigation of offences related to cyberviolence, allowing for preservation and collection of electronic evidence.

Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention)

The Council of Europe Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, also known as “the Lanzarote Convention”, is a human rights treaty specifically dedicated to preventing and responding to all forms of sexual violence against children.

By putting children’s rights at its heart, it adopts a victim-centred approach with far reaching provisions that improve systems and services, therefore helping States to fight against all forms of violence against children.

Interpretative Opinion on the applicability of the Lanzarote Convention to sexual offences against children facilitated through the use of information and communication technologies

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created new means for sexual offenders to target and harm children, means which were not known to the same extent as today at the time of adoption of the Lanzarote Convention, the Lanzarote Committee released an Interpretative Opinion on the applicability of the Lanzarote Convention to sexual offences against children facilitated through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) (12 May 2017). 

 

Synergies between the Budapest and Lanzarote Conventions

Both the Budapest and Lanzarote Conventions are open to accession by any country in the world, inspiring legislation and policies in all regions, helping countries and organisations to deliver on their commitment towards the UN SDGs.

While the Lanzarote Convention sets the ground for criminalizing sexual abuse and exploitation offences, the Budapest Convention provides the relevant procedural framework for investigations, collection of electronic evidence and international cooperation.

Statistics

 Statistics 

 

Globally, 1 in 5 girls
and 1 in 13 boys

have been sexually exploited or abused
before reaching the age of 18

*United Nations Children’s Fund (2021): Ending online child sexual exploitation and abuse. Lessons learned and promising practices in low- and middle-income countries, UNICEF, New York

  In 2025, victims aged 3 to 13 represent 91% of CSAM cases, as reported by Inhope, whilst victims aged 14 to 17 decreased to 6%  

Female victims remain overwhelmingly represented, 98% of reported CSAM cases

In 2025, over 4.5 million suspected online records of CSAM identified through INHOPE hotlines, more than 450% increase compared to 2024

                    INHOPE member hotlines reported suspected online records of CSAM in 42 countries

* INHOPE (2025): Annual Report

Initiatives on Cyberviolence against children
education and prevention
 "VAC Clearinghouse” – an online platform set up by the Council of Europe meant to facilitate access to various resources on violence against children with a view to support all stakeholders and partners involved in developing effective responses.