Une approche multipartite des dispositions de la Convention du Conseil de l'Europe sur les infractions visant les biens culturels

Riga, République de Lettonie - 15-16 juin 2023

La situation actuelle en Ukraine, où le patrimoine culturel a été délibérément pris pour cible et où des objets pillés peuvent être exportés illégalement, suscite malheureusement un regain d'intérêt pour la protection du patrimoine culturel contre les dommages et/ou la destruction. Cette situation met en évidence la pertinence de la Convention du Conseil de l'Europe sur les infractions visant les biens culturels, connue sous le nom de Convention de Nicosie, dans les réponses aux infractions visant les biens culturels dans les situations de conflit et d'après-conflit.

En tant que traité de droit pénal, la Convention de Nicosie est le seul instrument juridiquement contraignant visant à prévenir et à combattre ces crimes en renforçant les réponses de la justice pénale et, en même temps, en encourageant la coopération internationale. Ouverte à la signature en 2017, la Convention de Nicosie est entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 2022 et compte aujourd'hui six Parties et sept autres signataires.

En tant que l'une de ces parties, la Lettonie attache une grande importance à la protection du patrimoine culturel et à la prévention du trafic illicite ainsi qu’aux dommages et à la destruction des biens culturels. A l'occasion de la présidence lettone du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe, une conférence internationale sur la réponse adéquate de la justice pénale à ces phénomènes a été organisée à Riga les 15 et 16 juin 2023. (suite...)

Special words

• Ms Alexandra XANTHAKI, Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights (Video message + speech)

SESSION I. PROSECUTION OF DAMAGE, DESTRUCTION AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

• The importance of criminal response to crimes against cultural property
  Dr Carlos ROMEO CASABONA, Professor in Criminal Law, Director of the Inter-University Chair in Law and the Human Genome, University of Deusto and University of Basque Country (+ speech)
• Amendments to the Latvian legislation to implement the Nicosia Convention
  Mr Uldis ZARIŅŠ, Deputy State Secretary for Cultural Policy of the Ministry of Culture
  Ms Rebeka LAVENIECE, Lawyer of the Criminal Justice department of the Ministry of Justice
• Investigation of criminal offenses related to cultural objects in Latvia (statistics, issues, current affairs)
  Mr Martins JURJĀNS, Acting Prosecutor of the Zemgale Judicial Region Prosecution Office
• The financing of terrorism through cultural property
  Ms Ruth GARCÍA ÁLVAREZ, Historic Heritage Brigade, National Police, Spain (+ speech)
• Damage to property as a result of criminal acts
  Dr Kristian SCHNEIDER, Vice President, European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers Organisations, ECCO
• Innovation and technology with artificial intelligence to explore the web in search of stolen works of art – the S.W.O.A.D.S. project
  Mr Salvatore RAPICAVOLI, Major Dr at the Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale, Italy

SESSION II. CHALLENGES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CONFLICTS

• Countering the erasure of cultural identity in war and peace, the specific case of looting and expropriating of cultural property in Ukraine
  Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK, MP from Ukraine and Chairperson of the Committee on culture, science, education and media of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE)
• The Nicosia Convention and the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine in times of war / 2023
  Ms Kateryna CHUYEVA, Deputy Minister of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine 
• Ukraine and illicit trafficking in cultural property
  Mr Fedir ANDROSHCHUK, Director General of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine
• Policy on Cultural heritage of the Office of the Prosecutor
  Ms Paola SACCHI, Lawyer, International Criminal Court-Office of the Prosecutor
• Register of damage caused by the aggression against Ukraine under the auspices of the Council of Europe
  Mr Pavlo PUSHKAR, Head of Division - Department for the Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
• Heritage for Peace initiatives in countries under conflict
  Mr Isber SABRINE, President of Heritage for Peace association

SESSION III. GOOD PRACTICES AND EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCES

• The fight against offences relating to Cultural Property: Council of Europe gap analysis report
  Dr Cristina GUISASOLA, Professor of criminal law, University of Valencia (+ speech)
• Work of Department for Circulation of Culture Goods within the National Heritage Board of Latvia
  Mr Mārcis KALNIŅŠ, expert – archaeologist, Department of Circulations of Cultural Goods of the National Heritage Board of Latvia
• Forensic work in legal proceedings on archaeological looting
  Mr Maurizio PELLEGRINI, former director archaeologists at the Superintendence of Southern Etruria and at the Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Ministry of Culture, Italy (+ speech)
  Ms Daniela RIZZO, officer at the Superintendence of Southern Etruria and at the Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia in Rome, Ministry of Culture, Italy
• The return of antiquities to their countries of origin – the case of Cyprus
  Dr Marina SOLOMIDOU-IERONYMIDOU, Director of the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works
• Addressing the increasingly organised and criminal nature of offences in cultural goods through technological innovation
  Dr Arianna TRAVIGLIA, Director of the Centre for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) (+ speech)
• Good practices on illicit trafficking and restitution in Italy
  Ms Maria LUPRANO, Ministry of Culture, Italy 

SESSION IV. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION IN CULTURAL AND CRIMINAL MATTERS

• European Union Action plan against trafficking in cultural goods
  Ms Angela BARDENHEWER-RATING, Senior Legal Officer, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs, Organised Crime and Drugs, European Commission (EU)
• The UNESCO 1970 Convention: promoting international cooperation in the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural property
  Ms Sunna ALTNODER, Chief of the Movable Heritage and Museums Unit at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• International cooperation in the field of restitution and return – the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention
  Ms Marina SCHNEIDER, Principal Legal Officer & Treaties Depositary, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT)
• Heritage Crime Task Force
  Mr Cameron WALTER, Customs Adviser and Program Manager, Transnational Threats Department, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) (+ speech)
• Actions of the Cyprus Police for Combating Illicit Procession and Trafficking of Antiquities
  Mr Michalis GAVRIELIDES, Cyprus Police - Chief Inspector - Head of the Office for Combating Illicit Possession and Trafficking of Antiquities (video)
• INTERPOL Works of Art Unit
  Mr Gonzalo GIORDANO, Coordinator, Works of Art Unit, Criminal Networks Sub-Directorate, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)