Freedom of expression is one of the foundations of a democratic and pluralistic society.
Its corollary is access for everyone to accurate, reliable and timely information, a key precondition for informed public participation. The role of the media and journalists in seeking out, verifying and distributing information is crucial.
States have the responsibility to provide adequate safeguards, both through law and practice, for the effective enjoyment and protection of freedom of expression, including by creating an enabling environment for free and responsible media to flourish and play their essential role in democracy. Media freedom is a core component of democracy, as underscored in the Council of Europe’s New Democratic Pact and the Secretary General’s 2026 report, which highlight the vital function of pluralistic media in supporting democratic governance.
The Council of Europe is well placed to help prevent and address the threats to the exercise of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, both offline and in the online environment.
As the media landscape evolves, protecting freedom of expression requires a comprehensive approach aligned with the Council of Europe standards and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Council of Europe Priorities for Freedom of Expression
Supporting member States by providing guidance to help them uphold freedom of expression in the digital age - ensuring that individuals and democratic societies can fully benefit from the opportunities offered by new technologies, while being effectively protected against the associated risks and harms.
Promoting media freedom, pluralism, and transparency, including fair and balanced media coverage of elections.
Enhancing media literacy and countering disinformation.
Creating a safer environment for journalists to work safely, combatting SLAPPs and defamation abuse.
Strengthening public service media and supporting regulatory authorities.
Aligning domestic laws and practices with European standards and ECtHR case law.
The European Union - Council of Europe action “Support to the Electoral Cycle in Albania” (SECA) will contribute to strengthening the role of civil society and media as important actors in...
Who Does What to Safeguard Freedom of Expression in the Council of Europe
The Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (CDMSI), supported by the Freedom of expression and CDMSI Division, advises the Committee of Ministers and steers the Council of Europe’s standard-setting work on media freedom and pluralism, safety of journalists, support for professional journalism, and more generally on the protection of freedom of expression and information online and offline, in line with Article 10 ECHR. Its work includes policy documents and guidance on issues such as the impact of digital technology on freedom of expression, media pluralism, media funding, quality journalism, countering hate speech offline and online, countering SLAPPs against critical voices, disinformation and media and information literacy, but also content the role and responsibilities of internet intermediaries, content moderation, the impact of algorithms, online safety and other related issues. The CDMSI is also currently coordinating the Council of Europe ‘Journalists matter’ Campaign for the Safety of Journalists (November 2023 – end of 2027).
The Safety of Journalists Platform is a reporting and alert system established by the Council of Europe in cooperation with press freedom organisations to track serious threats to media freedom in member States. It enables rapid responses and coordinated action to protect journalists and uphold press freedom.
The Division for Cooperation on Freedom of Expression supports Council of Europe member States in strengthening policies, legislation, and capacities on freedom of expression, media, and access to information, in line with European standards.
The European Audiovisual Observatory is an essential resource for Europe’s cultural industries, providing data and reports for all types of film production and streaming services.
Highlights of the Council of Europe's Achievements
to protect Freedom of Expression
As part of this Campaign, the Council of Europe is inviting everyone to support their cause, take action for their enhanced protection, while raising awareness about the importance of safeguarding journalists and their right to report the news freely and without fear. The Campaign is a 5-year project meant to cover all Council of Europe member States.
Training programmes on freedom of expression »
Council of Europe Media Freedom (@CoEMediaFreedom) »
European Audiovisual Observatory »