Council of Europe

Language

Translation

Connotations/ comments

Armenian

KARAVARUM

…

Belarusian

KIRAVANNE

General term (subsumes management and control)

Bosnian

UPRAVLJANJE

There is practically no difference between government and management

Bulgarian

UPRAVLENIE

Steering, regulation

Croatian

UPRAVLJANJE

To control direction, to navigate, to make steps with amplified effects; the same word would be used for management

Czech

RŘÍZENÍ

Suggesting more “management”

Czech

PROCES ROZHODOVA’NÍ

The process of decision-making

Czech

ROZHODOVACÍ PROCES

Chaotic, non-common term, especially for HE

Czech

VEDENÍ

…

Czech

VLA’DNUTÍ

…

Czech

MANAGEMENT

Often but incompetently used English word

…

Dutch

BESTUUR/ BESTUURSKUNDE

Related with steering

English

GOVERNANCE

The processes and institutions by which revealed values and preferences translate into collective actions that enhance the security, prosperity and moral development of a group and its individual membership

French

GOUVERNANCE

…

Georgian

MMARTVELOVA

Ruling (with connotations of “driving” a car for example)

German

STEUERUNG

Technocratic/managerial

German

STRATEGISCHE FÜHRUNG

Task-oriented

German

KUNST DER LEITUNG

Semi-poetic

German

REGELUNG

…

German

ORGANISATION

…

German

LENKUNG/ STEUERUNG

Both with the “steering wheel” connotation of the term “governance”

German

LEITUNG

Too much of a technocratic sense – but the only term used in Austrian HE Act of 2002

German

AUFSICHT

Too much of control ex-post

Greek

DIAKINVERNISI

The way one governs, the system of parameters affecting the act of governing, the results of governing

Greek

KIVERNISI

Government

Greek

DIOIKISI

Administration/ Management

Greek

DIIKISI

Management

Greek

IGESIA

Leadership

Greek

Dionyssis Kladis, comment

THE TERM “GOVERNANCE” IN THE GREEK LANGUAGE

Hungarian

IRA’NYÍTA’S

Command, control, direction

Hungarian

KORMA’NYZA’S

Administration

Hungarian

VEZETE’S

Lead, control

Italian

GOVERNO

Too much restricted to state and public administration

Italian

GESTIONE

Too large

Italian

DIREZIONE

Equivalent to leadership/management

Italian

AMMINISTRAZIONE

Management

Italian

GUIDA

Steering

Italian

GOVERNANZA

A new word which might enter into the language

Italian

GOVERNO ALLONGATO

My preference

Italian

GOVERNO DELL’ UNIVERSITA’

“governo” includes both the act and the rules

Latvian

PÁRVALDÍBA

…

Lithuanian

VALDYMAS

The word is similar to the word “management”

Macedonian

UPRAVUVANJE

No real difference of meaning between the first two terms: management and governance

RAKOVODENJE

No real difference of meaning between the first two terms: management and governance

VLADEENJE

Governing in the sense of government

Maltese

TMEXXIJA

(pron TMESHIYA)

MEXA = to walk; MEXXA = to make/ cause to walk or proceed; TMEXXIJA = an abstract noun implying leadership and administration; Since English in an official language HE people would use “governance” even when speaking Maltese.

Norwegian

STYRING

Steering, but not only

LEDELSE

Leadership, management

STYRING

Steering

Polish

ZARZĄDZANIE

All are synonym to RZĄDZENIE (RZĄD=government)

KIEROWANIE

…

REPREZENTOWANIE

…

Portuguese

GOVERNANCA

…

GOVERNO

The word is the same as government, but the previous expression “gestão democratica” (democratic management) caused a lot of disputes and confusion

GOVERNANÇA

…

GUVERNAÇÃO

…

Romanian

GUVERNARE

Restricted to use with central/ national government

ADMINISTRARE

…

CONDUCERE

…

Russian

UPRAVLENIJE

Steering, governing (same word used for management)

Serbian

UPRAVLJANJE

…

Slovenian

UPRAVKJANJE

“prav” = right; give right course, direction

KRMARJENJE

…

USMERJANJE

…

Spanish

GOBIERNO

Government, no specific term for “governance”

¿GOBERNANZA?

…

Swedish

LEDNING

Steering

Turkish

YÖNETIŞIM

…

Ukrainian

UPRAVLINNJE

Polysemic term: steering, direction

PRAVLINNJE

Noun of the verb: to reign, to govern, to direct

KERIVNITSTVO

Steering, direction