Plenary Session 4 - Learning from history: strengthening Democracy
7 November 2025 - 9.30-11.00 / Hemicycle of the Council of Europe
Co-organised with the Observatory on History Teaching in Europe
INTERPRETATION: FR/EN
How has democracy been understood and taught through history? From Athens to today, each era shapes our view of democracy’s promises and challenges.
History education shapes how we see democracy now and can help prevent past mistakes. In a time of rising populism, weakening rule of law, and global crises, this session explores history’s role in nurturing informed citizens and protecting democracy’s future.

Alex TAYLOR
European journalist
France/United Kingdom

Matjaž GRUDEN
Director for Democracy, Directorate General of Democracy and Human Dignity, Council of Europe

Luz MARTINEZ SEIJO
Chairperson of the Sub committee on Culture, Education and Democratic Values and Rapporteur on “Multiperspectivity in remembrance and history education for democratic citizenship”, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
Spain

Francine MAYRAN
Psychiatrist, and artist engaged in preserving the memory of the Shoah
France

Alina MUNGIU-PIPPIDI
Social psychologist, Professor of Comparative Public Policy, LUISS Guido Carli
Italy

Lorena ZUCCOLO
Development officer, ATRIUM-Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century in Europe's Urban Memory, Culture Route of the Council of Europe
Italy