AI & discrimination

Artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes our societies and affects fundamental rights and equality. The impact of AI on human rights and equality creates emerging opportunities and challenges. AI and algorithmic systems can bring benefits with improved and optimised services, higher efficiency and increased accessibility in certain terms. At the same time, scale and impact of the risks, which these technologies are posing to equality, are increasing if not taken seriously and considered carefully.
AI-driven technology is increasingly being utilised across private and public sectors, such as, in customer support, dynamic pricing, forecasting, fraud detection, employment screening, traffic management, resource allocation and tax, finance and migration administration. These and other AI applications can have real and serious consequences because AI and algorithmic systems can both exacerbate and create discrimination – often in ways that are difficult to identify and address.
The Council of Europe co-operation programmes and projects on AI and equality supports non-discriminatory development and deployment of AI and algorithmic systems in line with the Council of Europe and European standards and policies. The co-operation programmes provide support and aligns its activities with the work of the Steering Committee on Anti-discrimination, Diversity and Inclusion (CDADI), consisting of Council of Europe member states and observers, such as civil society organisations, steering the Council of Europe’s work on equality and AI.
How AI impacts equality and discrimination? Dive into our standards, publications and activities below to learn more.
In addition to the Council of Europe’s conventions and standards in relation to equality and non-discrimination that apply to AI and algorithmic systems, following specific standards on AI and equality have been adopted:
- Recommendation CM/Rec(2026)1 on equality and artificial intelligence, adopted on 4 March 2026
- The Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law, opened for signatures on 5 September 2024
See also a factsheet of the European Court of Human rights’ jurisprudence on emerging technologies
- Legal protection against algorithmic discrimination in Europe: current frameworks and remaining gaps (also in FRA, DUT, POR, FIN, SWE), 2026
- European policy guidelines on AI and algorithm-driven discrimination for equality bodies and other national human rights structures (also in FRA, DUT, POR, FIN, SWE), 2026
- Handbook on human rights and AI, 2025, commissioned by the Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH) of the Council of Europe.
- The Study on the impact of artificial intelligence systems, their potential for promoting equality – including gender equality - and the risks they may cause in relation to non-discrimination, 2023, commissioned by the Committee on Anti-Discrimination, Diversity and Inclusion (CDADI) and the Gender Equality Commission (GEC) of the Council of Europe.
- The study on Discrimination, artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making, 2018, commissioned by the Council of Europe’s European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI).



