Back 25 Years of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in Serbia: European Standards, Implementation and Key Challenges

A round table at the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts brought together experts to examine progress in minority protection and priorities for the decade ahead.
Photo: SANU

Photo: SANU

In 2026, Serbia marks 25 years since the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) entered into force for the country. To mark the anniversary, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) and the Council of Europe Office in Belgrade organised a round table bringing together researchers, public institutions, national minority councils and civil society representatives to discuss European standards, their implementation in Serbia and the challenges ahead.

Opening the round table, Maciej Janczak, Head of the Council of Europe Office in Belgrade, noted that minority protection is closely connected to the quality of democracy, equality, participation in public life and social cohesion. He recalled  Serbia’s progress in developing legislation and institutions, while stressing that the key challenge is ensuring that rights are effectively implemented and relevant in people’s everyday lives.

Discussions covered the legal and institutional framework, political participation, minority languages and education, as well as intersectionality, demographic change and new minority experiences. Participants also considered how to strengthen co-operation between national minority councils and public institutions, and how to support the preservation and use of minority languages.

The round table was held against the background of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention’s Fifth Opinion on Serbia, adopted in 2024. The Opinion highlights the importance of effective implementation, including meaningful participation in public affairs, access to minority-language education and services, and continued efforts to address discrimination and socio-economic exclusion affecting Roma communities.

In his address, the Head of Office also underlined the role of reliable data and independent research in shaping effective public policy. He stressed the importance of  close collaboration between public authorities, minority representatives, academia and civil society, and identified priorities for the next decade: moving from formal guarantees to effective rights, strengthening participation and institutional dialogue, investing in minority languages and education, and addressing discrimination and exclusion.

The Council of Europe’s action “Combating discrimination and promoting diversity in Serbia” supports minority rights and stronger anti-discrimination mechanisms. The round table also provided an opportunity to present its initiative to promote tolerance and diversity at local level, using the methodologies of the Council of Europe’s Intercultural Cities programme to help local authorities build inclusive and resilient communities.

The event concluded with a discussion on recommendations for 2026–2036. Participants emphasised the continuing relevance of the Framework Convention and the need for sustained co-operation to ensure that diversity is respected and minority rights are fully realised.

Belgrade 7 October 2026
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The action “Combating discrimination and promoting diversity in Serbia” will be focused on providing continuous support to the legislative and policy reforms aimed at combating discrimination and protecting the rights of national/ethnic/linguistic minorities; strengthening capacities of beneficiaries in countering hate speech and hate crime; promoting and protecting the rights of vulnerable social groups, including youth, Roma, and LGBTI persons.

It intervenes in line with the standards and recommendations of  the  Council of Europe, notably those of the European Commission against Racism  and Intolerance (ECRI) and those  of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFCNM). It aims at supporting the beneficiaries in Serbia in their effort to comply with Council of Europe standards and European Union acquis in the framework of the enlargement process.

This action is implemented within the joint programme of the European Union and the Council of Europe “Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Türkiye” running from 2023 until 2026.

 

What are the goals and objectives of the action?

The goal of the action is to improve functioning of anti-discrimination mechanisms and their accessibility by vulnerable groups, in line with the European standards and best practices.

 

Who benefits from the action?

  • people of Serbia
  • national and local authorities, including the law enforcement agencies
  • education professionals
  • national minorities and other vulnerable social groups such as youth, Roma and LGBTI+ population
  • civil society organisations engaged in promoting and protecting human rights


How does the action work?

  • by providing legal and strategic support to institutions
  • through capacity building activities
  • through peer-to-peer exchanges with regional and European partners
  • by organising awareness raising initiatives and public discussions on selected anti-discrimination topics
  • by supporting civil society organisations and local authorities by small grant schemes, to enhance their capacities to tackle discrimination and reach out to the people
  • by supporting inter-institutional dialogue on issues of pertinence to equality, to foster co-operation among partners and to enhance the dialogue between state and non-state stakeholders
  • the action builds on the best practices and results of co-operation under previous two phases of the programme: action “Strengthening the protection of national minorities in Serbia” (2016 – 2019) and “Promotion of diversity and equality in Serbia” (2019 – 2022)


What do we expect to achieve?

  • institutions of Serbia and CSOs strengthen their capacity to combat different forms of discrimination, hate speech and other human rights violations against vulnerable social groups
  • relevant ministries/institutions at both central and local level improve the social dialogue and increase the public participation of national minority groups in decision-making processes
  • the people of Serbia acquire greater understanding of diversity and become more aware about the dangers of hatred, intolerance and racism to the social cohesion, as well as the ways how to better address them


What is the budget of the action?

The total budget of the actions is 800 000 EUR.

The budget allocated to the overall Horizontal Facility programme amounts to ca. 41 million EUR (85% funded by the European Union, 15% by the Council of Europe).


How to get more information?


About the Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Türkiye

The “Horizontal Facility for the Western Balkans and Türkiye” is a joint initiative of the European Union and the Council of Europe that enables the Western Balkans Beneficiaries and Türkiye to meet their reform agendas in the fields of human rights, rule of law and democracy and to comply with the European standards, which is also a priority for the EU enlargement process.

HORIZONTAL FACILITY

action at a glance

Duration: 48 months (January 2023 to December 2026)

Beneficiaries:

  • people of Serbia
  • national and local authorities, including the law enforcement agencies
  • education professionals
  • national minorities and other vulnerable social groups such as youth, Roma and LGBTI+ population
  • civil society organisations engaged in promoting and protecting human rights

Funding: the European Union and the Council of Europe

Budget: 800 000 EUR