The convention calls on governments to establish as a criminal offence the illegal removal of human organs from living or deceased donors:

• where the removal is performed without the free, informed and specific consent of the living or deceased donor, or, in the case of the deceased donor, without the removal being authorised under its domestic law;
• where, in exchange for the removal of organs, the living donor, or a third party, receives a financial gain or comparable advantage;
• where in exchange for the removal of organs from a deceased donor, a third party receives a financial gain or comparable advantage.

The convention also provides protection measures and compensation for victims as well as prevention measures to ensure transparency and equitable access to transplantation services.

Council of Europe webpage on countering the trafficking in human organs