New findings in a thematic report examined by the Committee of Ministers highlight that Roma history and culture remain largely absent or inaccurately represented in school curricula in too many member states of the Council of Europe.
Where the topic is included, it is often fragmented or presented through narratives of victimhood and stereotypes, rather than reflecting Roma as contributors to European history and culture. This gap continues to perpetuate prejudice, undermining efforts to foster intercultural understanding among students.
Roma history and culture should be on the curriculum
The report concludes that while the Council of Europe has developed strong standards promoting multi-perspectivity, human-rights education and intercultural dialogue, implementation at national level remains uneven. Although promising initiatives exist, many still depend on the commitment of individual teachers, schools or civil-society organisations rather than forming part of a systemic educational approach.
A key challenge identified is the lack of structured teacher training on Roma history and culture. Without adequate preparation, educators too often struggle to address stereotypes and antigypsyism effectively in the classroom. The report also highlights limited engagement of parents – including Roma families – in supporting education on Roma history. Low self-confidence and limited outreach often result in low participation in optional courses related to Romani language, culture or history.
Segregation in education remains another concern. While efforts to teach Roma history are important, delivering this education in segregated settings risks undermining intended impact. Inclusive and integrated learning environments are essential for promoting equality, mutual respect and social cohesion.
Potential present for improving Roma history teaching
On the other hand, initiatives demonstrate the potential for progress. Council of Europe programmes such as RomaMemory, HISTOLAB tutorials and a capacity-building programme supporting the implementation of Recommendation CM/Rec(2020)2 are helping to lay the foundations for more systemic change. Cultural institutions, including museums, theatres and memorial sites, also provide valuable opportunities for experiential learning that can enrich the teaching of Roma history.
The report emphasises that teaching Roma history is not only about historical facts but also about challenging stereotypes and combating antigypsyism. Transforming attitudes remains a challenge, as the impact of educational materials ultimately depends on how they are conveyed in the classroom.
The report thus encourages Council of Europe member States to take decisive steps to integrate Roma history and culture fully into national curricula through multi-perspective approaches and in consultation with Roma historians, educators and community representatives. Strengthening teacher training, scaling up promising practices, reviewing textbooks and promoting parental engagement are among the recommended actions.
