On 14 January 2020, the European Court of Human Rights handed down a Chamber judgment in the case of D and Others v. Romania (application no. 75953/16) concerning an order for the expulsion to Iraq of an Iraqi national following his conviction in Romania for having facilitated the entry to Romania of persons involved in terrorist activities (a migrant smuggling offence). The Chamber held, unanimously, that there would not be a violation of Article 2 (right to life) and 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment) of the European Convention on Human Rights if the order to expel the applicant to Iraq were implemented, and that there had been a violation of Article 13 (right to an effective remedy) of the Convention, taken together with Articles 2 and 3.