Freedom of expression is one of the foundations of a democratic and pluralistic society. Its corollary is access for everyone to accurate, reliable and timely information, a key precondition for informed public participation. The role of the media and journalists in seeking out, verifying and distributing information is crucial.

States have the responsibility to provide adequate safeguards, both through law and practice, for the effective enjoyment and protection of freedom of expression, including by creating an enabling environment for free and responsible media to flourish and play their essential role in democracy.

The Council of Europe is well placed to help prevent and address the threats to the exercise of the rights and freedoms guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, both offline and in the online environment.

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Back New Handbook on Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights

New Handbook on Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights

This handbook, authored by Dominika Bychawska-Siniarska, a human rights lawyer specialising in freedom of expression in Poland and central and eastern Europe, is produced by the Human Rights National Implementation Division of the Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law.

It examines the scope and content of freedom of expression as guaranteed in particular by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights and as interpreted by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

The primary responsibility for applying Convention guarantees lies at the national level. The aim is thus to provide a practical tool for legal professionals from the Council of Europe member states who wish to strengthen their skills in applying the European Convention on Human Rights case law in domestic law and practice.

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Strasbourg 21 July 2017
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In time of conflict



The right to freedom of expression and information constitutes one of the essential foundations of democratic society. In conflict situations and wars, the role of the media is critical in providing the public with accurate and timely information. Trustworthy news and images can contribute to the protection of civilians and conflict prevention, bring to the attention of the international community the horrors and reality of conflict and expose violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.

 Visit the "Freedom of expression in times of conflict" webpage

Journalists Matter Campaign

Journalists Matter, the Council of Europe Campaign for the Safety of Journalists is an initiative aiming to promote press freedom and protect journalists from violence, threats, and harassment while performing their duties. As part of this Campaign, the Council of Europe is inviting everyone to support their cause, take action for their enhanced protection, while raising awareness about the importance of safeguarding journalists and their right to report the news freely and without fear. 

 Visit the "Campaign for the Safety of Journalists" webpage

"Everyone has the right to freedom of expression"

Art. 10 European Convention on Human Rights

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