Canada
This country profile does not necessarily reflect the position of the covered State or of the Council of Europe.
Treaty ratification status
Party to:
Budapest Convention
Not a Party to:
Istanbul Convention
Lanzarote Convention
Protocol on Xenophobia and Racism (signed)
Cyberviolence legislation
Cyberviolence against women
Depending on the nature of the activity, a number of Criminal Code offences could apply to instances of cyberviolence:
- Publication, etc., of an intimate image without consent (Section 162.1, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Obscene materials (Section 163, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Interception of communications (Section 184, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Disclosure of information (Section 193, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Counselling or aiding suicide (Section 241, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Criminal Harassment (Section 264, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Uttering threats (Section 264.1, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Unauthorized use of computer data (Section 342, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Extortion (Section 346, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Identity fraud (Section 403, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Intimidation (Section 423, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Mischief in relation to computer data (Sub-section 430 (1), Criminal Code of Canada)
Cyberviolence against children
- Child pornography (Section 163.1, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Making sexually explicit mateiral available to child (Section 171.1, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Luring a child (Section 172.1, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Agreement or arrangement - sexual offence against child (Section 172.2, Criminal Code of Canada)
Hate speech and hate crime
- Defamatory libel (Section 297, Criminal Code of Canada)
- Hate propaganda (Sections 318-319, Criminal Code of Canada)
- False information, indecent communications, harassing communications (Section 372, Criminal Code of Canada)
Trafficking facilitated by ICT
Strategies and policies
National policies and strategies
Research centers and ad hoc committees
NGOs and associations countering cyberviolence
Resources
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