Politiques / stratégies en matière de cybercriminalité
The Ministry of Interior of Iceland published in 2015 the Icelandic National Cyber Security Strategy for 2015 – 2026 together with the Plan of action for the 2015 – 2018 period. The main strategy aims are:
1. Capacity building - Increased capacity to prevent and respond to cyber security threats
2. Increased resilience
3. Improved legislation in line with international commitments
4. Tackling cybercime / reliable law enforcement as regards cyber security: which aims for the police to have, or have access to, the professional knowledge, skills and equipment needed to resolve issues concerning cyber crime.
A Cybersecurity Capacity Review Undertaken by the Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre, University of Oxford provides 6 recommendations related to the 2015-2026 National Cyber Security Strategy:
- Explicit links to national risks, priorities, objectives, business development, raising awareness, mitigating cybercrime, and protecting critical infrastructure;
- Encourage promotion and implementation of the strategy across government and other sectors;
- Discrete cybersecurity line item in the budget to allocate/manage resources;
- Conduct regular simulations and exercises that provide picture of national cyber resilience;
- Collect and evaluate relevant metrics, monitoring processes, and data;
- Include provision for protection against insider threats.
The same study provides 16 detailed recommendations for the Legal and Regulatory Framework dimension.
Législation sur la cybercriminalité
État de la législation sur la cybercriminalité
Although there is no specific law on cybercrime in Iceland, the country ratified in 2007 the Budapest Convention on cybercrime whose provisions are consistently implemented into domestic legislation. (Source:Cybersecurity Capacity Review)
Both substantive and procedural criminal law framework of Iceland, as amended by the General Penal Code, No. 19/1940 (and related amendments), the Act on Criminal Procedures and the Telecommunications Act of 2006 is largely in line with the Convention requirements.
Act on the Post and Telecom Administration, No. 69, 24 March 2003 amended by Act No 172/2006 of 20 December 2006 is intended to fully implement into national legislation the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime.
Droit matériel
General Penal Code, No. 19/1940 contains substantive cybercrime legal provisions since its amendment in 1998, in addition to latter amendments to the GPC and the Act on Criminal Procedures which are related to the implementation of the BC (Source: Cybersecurity Capacity Review )
General Penal Code, No. 19/1940 criminalizes the following offences:
- Article 158: Misrepresentation and use of information and data stored in machine-readable form;
- Article 228: Unlawfully obtaining access to other persons' data or programs stored in a machine-readable format;
- Article 249a: Unlawfully modifying, adding to or destroying computer software, or data or programs stored in machine-readable form, or taking other measures designed to influence the outcome of computer processing;
- Article 257; Sending, altering, adding to, deleting or destroying in some other way, without authorisation, data or programs that are stored in machine-readable form and are intended for use in computer processing.
- Article 210
Specific legislation on child online protection has been enacted through:
General Penal Code, No. 19/1940 Article 210 bans the production, distribution, and possession of child pornography of the criminal Code
Act on the Monitoring of Children’s Access to Films and Computer Games Article 1(5)
Electronic Communications Act No. 81, 26 March 2003 Applies to electronic communications, electronic communications service and electronic communications network and aims to ensure cost-efficient and secure electronic communications.
Droit procédural
The Act on Collection of Evidence Relating to Alleged Violations of Intellectual Property Rights, No. 53/2006 contains comprehensive provisions for the investigation of cybercrime and evidentiary requirements, e.g. for electronic evidence (Article 4, 12) and cases have been brought to Court.
The Act on Criminal Procedures allows for requesting electronic information from ISPs for the purpose of an investigation (Article 70)
Institutions spécialisées
Ministry of Justice, National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police: The main functions of the Office of the National Commissioner of Police include handling international contacts in the field of law enforcement.
Ministry of Justice - Department of Public Security and Criminal Justice: The department is responsible for public administration in major areas of the justice system, i.e. policing, public prosecution and enforcement of sentences, and public safety, including civil protection and search-and-rescue operations. Its Functions and principal tasks include handling Organised crime, International legal assistance in criminal cases, including letters rogatory and extradition and Monitoring, cybersecurity and protection of key social infrastructure
Director of Public Prosecutions handles international relations on behalf of the prosecution authority as well as requests on legal assistance from authorities in other countries and cases regarding a demand for the extradition/delivery of foreign and Icelandic citizens
Post and Telecom Administration (PTA) is responsible for the administration of electronic communications and postal affairs in Iceland.
Coopération internationale
Autorités compétentes et canaux
Competent authorities and channels
MLA Authority in the absence of other treaties (Art. 27) and
Authority for extradition and provisional arrests in the absence of other treaties (Art. 24):
Ministry of Justice, Skuggasundi,
150 Reykjavik, Iceland
24/7 Point of Contact
Ministry of Justice, National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police
Jurisprudence / droit jurisprudent
Sources et liens
Icelandic National Cyber Security Strategy for 2015 – 2026
General Penal Code, No. 19/1940
Act on Criminal Procedures with related Act No 172/2006
Act on the Monitoring of Children’s Access to Films and Computer Games
Electronic Communications Act No. 81, 26 March 2003
Information Act No. 140/2012 - Government of Iceland
Act no. 90/2018 on Data Protection and the Processing of Personal Data
Act on the Post and Telecom Administration, No. 69, 24 March 2003
National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police:
Ministry of Justice - Department of Public Security and Criminal Justice
Director of Public Prosecutions
These profiles do not necessarily reflect official positions of the States covered or of the Council of Europe.
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- Site internet Cybercriminalité
- Modèle : Demande d'information sur le souscripteur dans le cadre de l'entraide judiciaire (Article 31 de la Convention de Budapest). Versions anglaises et bilingues disponibles.
- Modèle : Demande de Préservation des Données (Articles 29 et 30 de la Convention de Budapest). Versions anglaises et bilingues disponibles.