Protocol No. 12 provides for a general prohibition of discrimination. The current non-discrimination provision of the European Convention on Human Rights is of a limited kind because it only prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of one or the other rights guaranteed by the Convention (Article 14 – Prohibition of discrimination : "The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.").

The Protocol removes this limitation and guarantees that no-one shall be discriminated against on any ground by any public authority.

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