Strasbourg, 12 June 2002
pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp (2002) – 3rev e PC-CP (2002) 3 rev.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE ON CRIME PROBLEMS
(CDPC)

Council for Penological Co-operation
(PC-CP)

SPACE II (Annual Penal Statistics of the Council Of Europe) - community sanctions and measures (CSM) ORDERED IN 1999

prepared by

Mr Pierre V. TOURNIER (France)

SPACE II - COMMUNITY SANCTIONS AND MEASURES (CSM)
ORDERED IN 1999

By Pierre Victor Tournier

The present version of SPACE II concerns CSMs ordered in 1999. SPACE II covers only those measures and sanctions applied in the community, as defined by the Council of Europe. According to Recommendation No. R (92) 16, CSMs are to be understood as "sanctions and measures which maintain the offender in the community and involve some restriction of his/her liberty through the imposition of conditions and/or obligations, and which are implemented by bodies designated in law for that purpose." The term, furthermore, "designates any sanction imposed by a court or a judge, and any measure taken before or instead of a decision or a sanction as well as ways of enforcing a sentence of imprisonment outside a prison establishment".

Arrangements for their implementation must entail some form of assistance and supervision in the community (fines or suspended sentences without supervision are therefore not CSMs). SPACE II is not designed to cover all CSMs. It does not cover the sanctions and measures provided for in juvenile criminal law. It only concerns measures taken subsequent to the passing of a sentence. In some countries the prosecuting authorities can choose to impose certain measures which are "taken before or instead of a decision on a sanction". Such measures are not covered by SPACE II.

Specific comments

- The CSMs must have been ordered as principal and not supplementary penalties.

- SPACE II concerns statistics for the CSMs ordered in year n, irrespective of the date of enforcement (year n, subsequent year or not enforced at all).

- SPACE II does not cover measures taken in favour of a prisoner prior to release from a penal institution (semi-liberty for example, unless such measures were ordered ab initio).

- SPACE II does not cover post-prison supervisory or probation measures applied to offenders in the community once they have served their sentence.

Sanctions and measures registered

1. Conditional deferral of a sentence: postponement of the passing of a sentence for a given period in order to assess the convicted person's conduct over that period.

2. Treatment ordered ab initio for:
a. drug-dependent offenders
b. alcoholics
c. offenders with mental disorders
d. persons convicted of a sexual offence.

3. Compensation ordered ab initio by a criminal court (money payable by the offender to the victim in damages).

4. Community service:
a. a sanction in its own right after an offender has been found guilty
b. a sanction in cases where a fully suspended prison sentence has been passed
c. a sanction imposed in the case of non-payment of a fine
d. unsuspended custodial sentence, followed by community service after release
e. community service performed as part of probation (sanction in its own right) or other forms of community service.

5. Probation:
a. a sanction in its own right after an offender has been found guilty (without the passing of a sentence of imprisonment),
b. a fully suspended prison sentence is passed
c. a partially suspended prison sentence is passed.

It is recalled that these sentences must entail assistance and supervision in the community.

6. Enforcement, in the community, of a sentence involving deprivation of liberty under an electronic monitoring scheme (measure ordered ab initio).

7. Semi-liberty ordered ab initio.

8. Conditional release of an offender before completion of the sentence.

9. Combined sanctions and measures, other than those mentioned in item 5.c: unsuspended custodial sentences, followed by treatment ordered ab initio for:
a. drug-dependent offenders
b. alcoholics
c. offenders with mental disorders
d. persons convicted of a sexual offence.

10. Other sanctions and measures which the respondent considers important in statistical terms and which are not covered by the preceding categories.

For purposes of comparison, data were also collected on prison sentences without either partial or full suspensions, specifying length of sentence.

Presentation of the statistical data

Conventions

Case 1 - When the completed questionnaire explicitly indicates that the CSM does not exist in the legislation of a state, the entry in the tables is "***" meaning "question not applicable".

Case 2 - When the completed questionnaire explicitly indicates that the CSM exists in the legislation of a state but that it was not ordered during the reference year, the entry in the tables is "0".

Case 3 - When the completed questionnaire explicitly indicates that the CSM exists in the legislation of a state but that relevant statistical data are not available, the entry in the tables is
"---".

Case 4 - When it cannot be decided whether the situation is as specified in Case 1 or Case 2 (no CSMs), or rather Case 3 (data not available), a "?" is entered. This is done when the questionnaire box is left blank or bears a symbol of imprecise meaning (e.g. " / ", " - ").

To sum up:

***	Question not applicable
0	No CSM ordered, but it exists in law
---	Statistics not available, but the CSM exists in law
(***)	Unable to decide between *** and 0
?	Unable to decide between "no CSM ordered" (*** or 0) and "statistics not available" (---).

The total numbers for the ten categories of sanctions or measures defined above are given in Table 1.

Tables 2, 3 and 4 contain the data concerning prison sentences without full or partial suspension. These provide a means of comparison for determining the frequency with which the various CSMs are applied.

On that basis we have calculated two indices: a global frequency index (GFI) obtained by finding the ratio of the number of CSMs in a given category ordered in 1999 to the number of prison sentences without full or partial suspension ordered the same year (figure per 100), and a specific frequency index (SFI), calculated as before but including only sentences of less than one year in the denominator.

The GFI figures for each of the main categories are given in Table 5 and the SFI figures on Table 6 (they are not calculated in respect of conditional releases).

Where no sentences of less than one year were ordered, the SFI is obviously valueless, and in this case a cross (x) has been entered in the tables.

Tables 7-11 deal with CSMs which may take different forms: treatment ordered, community service, probation, combined sanctions and measures, and others.

Measures of conditional release (CR) have undergone special processing (Table 12). GFI and SFI figures are not at all meaningful for these measures, which apply to prisoners serving a custodial sentence. It is more instructive to work out a ratio between the number of CRs for the year and the average number of prisoners eligible for them, using as the denominator the number of finally sentenced prisoners present at 1.9.1999 given in SPACE I. At all events this does not represent a "rate of award", as not all prisoners serving sentences necessarily fulfil the prescribed conditions to be granted conditional release.

Table 1: Community sanctions and measures ordered in 1999: numbers

Table 1. Continued

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 2. Number of prison sentences ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension) per 100 000 inhabitants

	Number of prison sentences	Number of inhabitants (average in 1999)	Prison sentence rate per 100 000 inhabitants
Albania
Andorra	93	65 924	141
Armenia	---	3 800 650	---
Austria	5 895	8 092 254	72.8
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	---
Bulgaria	---	---	---
Croatia	2 082	4 500 000	46
Cyprus	709	665 050	107
Czech Republic	15 341	10 282 784	149
Denmark	13 631	5 324798	256
Estonia
Finland	11 324	5 165 500	219
France	82 437	60 296 685	137
Georgia
Germany	41 641	82 100 243	50.7
Greece	---	---	---
Hungary
Iceland	272	280 773	97
Ireland	---	3 765 000	---
Italy	188 423	57 646 255	327
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	7 457	3 700 000	202
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	2 169	4 287 000	51
Netherlands	27 343	15 812 102	173
Norway	7 423	4 461 913	166
Poland	---	---	---
Portugal	4 771	9 997 590	47.7
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	4 980	5 396 019	92.3
Slovenia
Spain	33 883	40 202 160	84.3
Sweden	12 807	8 857 874	145
Switzerland	10 968	7 130 000	154
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedoina”	5 025	2 012 500	250
Turkey
Ukraine
United-Kingdom
England and Wales	79 659	52 732 000	151
Northern Ireland
Scotland	16 089	5 110 026	315

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 3.1 Prison sentences ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/numbers

	Less than one y ear	1 – 3 years	3 – 5 years	5 – 10 years	10 –20 years	20 years and over	Life sentence
Albania
Andorra	70	22	0	1	0	0	***
Armenia	---	---	---	---	---	***	***
Austria	4 314	1 221	212	136			12
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Bulgaria	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Croatia	1 499	368	78	61	65	11	***
Cyprus	574	3		16	6		6
Czech Republic	9 926	4 728		683			4
Denmark	12 819	639	93	79		***	1
Estonia
Finland	10 061	1 045	211			***	7
France	67 663	8 847	2 142	2 273	1 366	216	30
Georgia
Germany	25 218	11 181	3 387	1 559	200	***	96
Greece	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Hungary
Iceland	223	41	4	4	0	0	0
Ireland	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Italy	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	---	---	---	---	---	2	6
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	318	252	563	827	182		27
Netherlands	24 003	2 417	923
Norway	6 638	615	109	46	15	***	***
Poland	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Portugal	1 002	1 617	1 059	886	190	17	***
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	1 176	1 644	676	955	444	74	11
Slovenia
Spain	--	---	---	---	---	---	---
Sweden	10 698	1 744	203	140	4	***	18
Switzerland	9 769	849	239	82	29	***	0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	4 140	771	70	31	12		1
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	56 123	14 875	5 050	2 680	498	18	415
Northern Ireland
Scotland	13 968	1 331	406	310	34	0	40

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 3.2 Prison sentences ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/percentages

	Less than one year	1 – 3 years	3 – 5 years	5 – 10 years	10 –20 years	20 years and over	Life sentence
Albania
Andorra	75.4	23.6	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	***
Armenia	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Austria	73.2	20.7	3.6	2.3			0.2
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Bulgaria	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Croatia	72.0	17.7	3.7	2.9	3.1	0.5	***
Cyprus	80.0	0.4		2.2	8.5		8.5
Czech Republic	64.7	30.8		4.2			0.0
Denmark	94.0	4.7	0.7	0.6		***	0.0
Estonia
Finland	88.8	9.2	1.9			***	0.0
France	82.1	10.7	2.6	2.8	1.7	0.3	0.0
Georgia
Germany	60.6	26.9	8.1	3.7	0.5	***	0.2
Greece	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Hungary
Iceland	81.9	15.1	1.5	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Italy	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	---	---	---	---	---	****	***
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	14.7	11.6	26.0	38.1	8.4		1.2
Netherlands	87.8	8.8	3.4
Norway	89.4	8.3	1.5	0.6	0.2	***	***
Poland	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Portugal	21.0	33.8	22.2	18.6	4.0	0.4	***
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	23.6	33.0	13.6	19.2	8.9	1.5	0.2
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Sweden	83.6	13.6	1.6	1.1	0.0	***	0.1
Switzerland	85.7	6.6	1.9	0.6	0.2	***	0.0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	82.5	15.3	1.4	0.6	0.2		0.0
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	70.4	18.7	6.3	3.4	0.6	0.0	0.5
Northern Ireland
Scotland	86 .9	8.3	2.5	1.9	0.2	0.0	0.2

n.s. not significant Reference : SPACE II - 1999

Table 3.3 Prison sentences ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/cumulated frequencies in %

	Total sentences	1 year and over	3 years and over	5 years and over	10 years and over	20 years and over	Life sentence
Albania
Andorra	100	24.6	1.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	***
Armenia	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Austria	100	26.8	6.1	2.5	--	--	0.2
Azerbaijan
Belgium	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Bulgaria	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Croatia	100	27.9	10.2	6.5	3.6	0.5	***
Cyprus	100	20.0	19.6	19.2	17.0	---	8.5
Czech Republic	100	35.3	---	4.5	---	---	00
Denmark	100	6.0	1.3	0.6	---	0.0	0.0
Estonia
Finland	100	11.1	1.9	---	---	0.0	0.0
France	100	18.1	7.4	4.8	2.0	0.3	0.0
Georgia
Germany	100	39.4	12.5	4.4	0.7	***	0.2
Greece	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Hungary
Iceland	100	18.1	3.0	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Italy	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	100	---	---	---	---	***	***
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	100	85.3	73.7	47.8	9.6	---	1.2
Netherlands	100	12.2	3.4	---	---	---	---
Norway	100	10.6	2.3	0.8	0.2	***	***
Poland	100	---	---	---	---	---	---
Portugal	100	79.0	45.2	23.0	4.4	0.4	***
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	100	76.4	43.4	29.8	10.6	1.7	0.2
Slovenia
Spain	100	----	---	---	---	---	---
Sweden	100	16.4	2.8	1.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	100	9.3	2.7	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	100	17.9	2.6	0.8	0.2	---	0.0
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	100	29.5	10.8	4 .5	1.1	0.5	0.5
Northern Ireland
Scotland	100	13.1	4.8	2.3	0.4	0.2	0.2

. Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 4.1 Prison sentences of less than one year ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/numbers

	Less than 3 months	3 months to less than 6 months	6 months to less than one year	Total: less than one year
Albania
Andorra	37	17	16	70
Armenia	---	---	---	---
Austria	1 948	1 168	1 198	5 895
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	---	---
Bulgaria	---	---	---	---
Croatia	374	552	573	1 499
Cyprus	345	141	88	574
Czech Republic	---	---	---	9 926
Denmark	10 245	1 587	987	12 819
Estonia
Finland	5 318	3 288	1 455	10 061
France	28 470	23 824	15 269	67 663
Georgia
Germany	11 549	4 319	9 350	25 218
Greece	---	---	---	---
Hungary
Iceland	114	71	38	223
Ireland	---	---	---	---
Italy	---	---	---	---
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	---	---	---	---
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	***	***	318	318
Netherlands	17 218	3 939	2 846	24 003
Norway	4 934	721	983	6 638
Poland	---	---	---	---
Portugal	188	151	663	1 002
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	290		886	1 176
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	---	---
Sweden	7 282	1 303	2 113	10 698
Switzerland	8 624	718	427	9 769
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	1 521	1 604	1 015	4 140
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	21 943	23 689	10 491	56 123
Northern Ireland
Scotland	4 780	6 795	2 393	13 968

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 4.2 Prison sentences of less than one year ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/percentages

	Less than 3 months	3 months to less than 6 months	6 months to less than one year	Total: less than one year
Albania
Andorra	52.9	24.3	22 .8	100.0
Armenia	---	---	---	100.0
Austria	33.0	19.8	20.3	100.0
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	---	100.0
Bulgaria	---	---	---	100.0
Croatia	25.0	36.8	38.2	100.0
Cyprus	60.1	24.6	15.3	100.0
Czech Republic	---	---	---	100.0
Denmark	79.9	12.4	7.7	100.0
Estonia
Finland	52.8	32.7	14.5	100.0
France	42.1	35.2	22.6	100.0
Georgia
Germany	45.8	17.1	37.1	100.0
Greece	---	---	---	100.0
Hungary
Iceland	51.2	31.8	17.0	100.0
Ireland	---	---	---	100.0
Italy	---	---	---	100.0
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	---	---	---	100.0
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	***	***	100.0	100.0
Netherlands	71.7	16.4	11.9	100.0
Norway	74.3	10.9	14.8	100.0
Poland	---	---	---	100.0
Portugal	18.8	15.1	66.2	100.0
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	24.7		75.3	100.0
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	---	100.0
Sweden	68.1	12.2	19.7	100.0
Switzerland	88.2	7.4	4.4	100.0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	36.7	38.7	24.5	100.0
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	39.1	42.2	18.7	100.0
Northern Ireland
Scotland	34.2	48.6	17.1	100.0

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 4.3 Prison sentences of less than one year ordered in 1999 (without full or partial suspension): breakdown according to length/cumulated frequencies in %

	Less than 3 months	Less than 6 months	Less than one year
Albania
Andorra	52.9	77.2	100.0
Armenia	---	---	100.0
Austria	45.2	54.8	100.0
Azerbaijan
Belgium	---	---	100.0
Bulgaria	---	---	100.0
Croatia	25.0	75.0	100.0
Cyprus	60.1	84.7	100.0
Czech Republic	---	---	100.0
Denmark	79.9	92.3	100.0
Estonia
Finland	52.8	85.5	100.0
France	42.1	57.9	100.0
Georgia
Germany	45.8	54.2	100.0
Greece	---	---	100.0
Hungary
Iceland	51.2	83.0	100.0
Ireland	---	---	100.0
Italy	---	---	100.0
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	---	---	100.0
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	0.0	100.0	100.0
Netherlands	71.7	88.1	100.0
Norway	74.3	25 .7	100.0
Poland	---	---	100.0
Portugal	18.8	33.9	100.0
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	---	24.7	100.0
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	100.0
Sweden	68.1	80.3	100.0
Switzerland	88.2	95.6	100.0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	36.7	63.3	100.0
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	39.1	60.9	100.0
Northern Ireland
Scotland	34.2	82.8	100.0

Reference: SPACE II – 1999

Table 5. Community sanctions and measures ordered in 1999:
global frequency index (GFI) per 100 prison sentences (without full or partial suspension)

Table 5. Continued

Reference: SPACE II – 1999

Table 6. Community sanctions and measures ordered in 1999: specific frequency index (SFI)
per 100 prison sentences (without full or partial suspension)

Table 6. Continued

Reference: SPACE II – 1999

Table 7.1 Treatment ordered ab initio in 1999: numbers

	Treatment ordered ab initio for…
	Drug-dependent offenders	Alcoholics	Offenders with mental disorders	Persons convicted of a sexual offence	Total
Albania
Andorra	3	12	2	0	17
Belgium	---	---	---	---	---
Austria	144			---	---
Azerbaijan
Belgium	***	***	***	***	***
Bulgaria	***	***	***	***	***
Croatia	302		27	***	329
Cyprus	0	***	0	***	0
Czech Republic	257	237	238		732
Denmark	40	***	329	33	402
Estonia
Finland	***	***	***	***	***
France	***	***	***	***	***
Georgia
Germany	***	***	***	***	***
Greece	***	***	***	***	***
Hungary
Iceland	---	---	---	---	---
Ireland	3	***	***	***	3
Italy	***	***	***	***	***
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	***	***	***	172	172
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	11	404	50	***	465
Netherlands	***	***	***	***	***
Norway	***	***	***	***	***
Poland	---	---	---	---	---
Portugal	0	***	24	***	24
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	176	119	---	---	341
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	---	---	---
Sweden	***	***	***	***	***
Switzerland	514	261	152	***	927
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	***	***	***	***	***
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	***	***	***	***	***
Northern Ireland
Scotland	---	---	---	---	---

Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 7.2 Treatment ordered ab initio in 1999: percentages

	Treatment ordered ab initio for …
	Drug-dependent offenders	Alcoholics	Offenders with mental disorders	Persons convicted of a sexual offence	Total
Albania
Andorra	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	100.0
Armenia	---	---	---	---	100.0
Austria	---	---	---	---	100.0
Azerbaijan
Belgium	***	***	***	***	100.0
Bulgaria	***	***	***	***	100.0
Croatia	91.8		8.2	***	100.0
Cyprus	0	***	0	***	100.0
Czech Republic	35.1	32.4	32.5		100.0
Denmark	9.9	***	81.9	8.2	100.0
Estonia
Finland	***	***	***	***	100.0
France	***	***	***	***	100.0
Georgia
Germany	***	***	***	***	100.0
Greece	***	***	***	***	100.0
Hungary
Iceland	---	---	---	---	100.0
Ireland	100.0	***	***	***	100.0
Italy	***	***	***	***	100.0
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	***	***	***	100.0	100.0
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	2.4	86.9	10.8	***	100.0
Netherlands	***	***	***	***	100.0
Norway	***	***	***	***	100.0
Poland	---	---	---	---	100.0
Portugal	n.s.	***	n.s.	***	100.0
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	51.6	34.9	13.5		100.0
Slovenia
Spain	---	---	---	---	100.0
Sweden	***	***	***	***	100.0
Switzerland	55.4	28.2	16.4	***	100.0
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	***	***	***	***	100.0
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	***	***	***	***	100.0
Northern Ireland
Scotland	---	---	---	---	100.0

n.s. not significant Reference: SPACE II - 1999

Table 8.1 Penalties of community service ordered in 1999/numbers

A. Sanction in its own right after an offender has been found guilty
B. Sanction in cases where a fully suspended prison sentence has been passed
C. Sanction imposed in the case of non-payment of a fine
D. Unsuspended custodial sentence, followed by community service after release
E. Community service performed as part of probation (sentencing in its own right) or other forms of community service

	A	B	C	D	E	Total
Albania
Andorra	***	0	***	0	***	0
Armenia	***	***	***	***	***	***
Austria	***	***	***	***	***	***
Azerbaijan
Belgium	***	---	***	***	---	1 512
Bulgaria	***	***	***	***	***	***
Croatia	3	***	***	***	***	3
Cyprus	0	***	***	***	0	0
Czech Republic	?	?	?	?	?	3 214
Denmark	---	---	***	---	---	970
Estonia
Finland	3 630	***	***	***	***	3 630
France	11 878	11 490	***	***	***	23 368
Georgia
Germany	***	---	---	***	***	---
Greece	?	?	?	?	?	---
Hungary
Iceland	***	60	***	***	***	60
Ireland	1 324	***	***	***	***	1 324
Italy	***	***	***	***	***	***
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania	***	***	19	***	***	19
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova	15	***	***	***	***	15
Netherlands	?	?	?	?	?	17 920
Norway	669	***	***	---	***	---
Poland	---	---	---	---	---	---
Portugal	21	---	***	***	---	---
Romania
Russia
Slovakia	***	***	***	***	***	***
Slovenia
Spain	***	---	---	---	---	---
Sweden	2 236	***	***	***	830	3 066
Switzerland	***	***	528	***	2 340	2 868
“The F.Y.R.O. Macedonia”	***	***	***	***	***	***
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England and Wales	28 864	***	***	***	20 733	49 597
Northern Ireland
Scotland	4 888	***	***	***	1 312	6 200