- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the General Assembly of the United Nations (Resolution No. 217A (III) from 1948) awards the judiciary a crucial role in the protection of human rights and freedoms, prescribing that each individual has the right to full equality and a fair and public trial in front of an independent and impartial court.

- The Resolution of the United Nations “Fundamental Principles of the Independence of the Judiciary” from 1985 (so-called Singhwi Declarations) provides provisions for the independence of the judiciary, the right to an efficient trial by regular courts which apply the law in a prescribed procedure, and also the provisions for the freedom in the delivering of decision, the manner of appointment, promotion and permanent nature of a judge’s position, the immunity and the termination of the judicial duty. This Resolution addresses also the principle of “a natural judge” (juez natural), which represents a fundamental protection of the right to a fair trial. This principle stipulates that nobody can be tried by a court or judge other than the regular, by law established judge or court.

- The Resolution of the United Nations “Human Rights and the Judiciary” from 1993 No. 50/181 and 20 1993 No. 48/137, in addition to emphasising the independence of the judiciary, stipulates that “... the rule of the laws and the proper functioning of the judiciary play a crucial role in the promotion and protection of the human rights”.

- The Declaration on the Rights and Responsibilities of Individuals, Groups and Social Bodies for the Permission and Protection of the Accepted Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations 53/44, adopted in 1999) places the emphasis on the autonomy and independence of the judiciary.

- The Recommendation of the Council of Europe No. R (94) 12 on the independence, impartiality and the role of the judge – in addition to the already stated principles, speaks of the accountability of the judges, the permanent nature of a judge’s position, his/her freedom of deliberation, the authority of judges and the dignity of the judicial calling.

- The Bangalore Principles of judicial conduct, confirmed through the ЕСОSОС Resolution 2006/23, establish ethical standards of judicial conduct and elaborate the principles of independence, impartiality, dignity, equality, competence and orderliness of judges.

- The European Charter on the Laws on Judges, adopted in 1998 in the Council of Europe, contains provisions on the appointment and dismissal of judges by independent bodies, on the permanent nature of a judge’s position, the preconditions for promotion, the responsibilities, the in-service training and the salaries and social security of judges.

- as well as in other documents of the international community, such as: the Burgh House Principles on the Independence of the International Judiciary; the Latimer House Guidelines for the countries of the Commonwealth on Judicial Independence; the Universal Charter on the Judge (adopted by the International Community of Judges in 1999); for the Asian region: the Beijing Statement on the Principles of Independence of the Judiciary (adopted by the LAWASIA Region supreme courts in Beijing in 1995 and adopted by the LAWASIA Assembly in 2001); in the African system, there are special standards for the independence of the judges, attorneys and prosecutors: the Principles and Guidelines on the Right to Fair Trial and Legal Aid in Africa (adopted as part of the report from the African Assembly on its 2nd summit and meeting of the Heads of States of the African Union, held in Maputo in 2003); the American Convention on Human Rights (adopted on the Inter-American Special Conference on Human Rights held in San Jose, Costa Rica, in 1969); the Inter-American Democratic Charter, adopted by the General Assembly in Lima, Peru, in 2001).

Maturity is a result of time and experience, of the competence and scholarship of judges and prosecutors and of their permanent advancement in all that is new in the area of law and judicial and prosecutorial ethics.

Judges and prosecutors are “sentenced” to permanent study and learning; permanent education is their legal right and duty, but also their moral obligation. They must constantly enrich their knowledge in the legal area, acquire new knowledge and opinions, nurture their competence and, with it, their self-confidence, authority and dignity.

The high professional standards in the execution of the function of a judge and public prosecutor is characterised by free and impartial assessment of the legal situations, in other words, a highly competent interpretation and application of procedural and material law with respect for the rights and dignity of the participants in the proceedings.

The very word competence requires a person qualified in a certain area; at the same time it represents one of the principles of judicial and prosecutorial ethics.

The judiciary power is exercised in the Republic of Macedonia by the courts. The courts in our country are autonomous and independent state authorities, which base their decisions on the Constitution, the laws and the ratified international agreements, whereas the Public Prosecutor, as a single and autonomous state authority and as a constitutional and legal category is not only a party in the proceedings, but above all is a state authority that is mandated to pursue perpetrators of criminal acts and that also discharges its functions on the basis of the Constitution, the laws and the ratified international agreements.

Irrespective of the fact that the legal norms embedded in the Law on the Criminal Proceedings, the Law on Courts and the Law on the Public Prosecution contain ethical values and represent an assortment of what is allowed and what is not, as well as what is good and what is bad, stilt, the adoption of the code of ethics of judges and public prosecutors articulates the tendency for collective definition of the ethical and moral rules for conduct and action, affirms the positive values, above all competence and conscientiousness as the two most significant component that need to adorn a holder of the judicial and public prosecutorial ethics.

- the fundamental rights and freedoms of the man and citizen laid down in the Constitution and accepted in international law;

- the rule of law;

- humanism, social justice and solidarity;

- the legal protection of ownership; and

- the freedom of the market and entrepreneurship.