This Reference Supplement accompanies the Pilot Manual for “Relating Language Examinations to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEF)”. Its aim is to provide the users of the Pilot Manual with additional information which will help them in their efforts to relate their certificates and diplomas to the CEF.

It contains three main components: quantitative and qualitative considerations in relating certificates and diplomas to the CEF and different approaches in standard setting.

The text of the supplement is available in PDF format and can be downloaded in several combinations. Either the full text (192 pages) can be downloaded as a single file, or the separate sections can be downloaded as separate documents, including an adapted title page. :

 Overview and Introduction; Table of contents, Foreword by Sauli Takala (2009) and Section A, an overview of the linkage process

Section B: Standard Setting by Felianka Kaftandjieva

Section C: Classical Test Theory by Norman Verhelst

Section D: Qualitative Analysis Methods by Jayanti Banerjee

Section E: Generalizability Theory by Norman Verhelst

Section F: Factor Analysis by Norman Verhelst

Section G: Item Response Theory by Norman Verhelst

Section H: Many-Facet Rasch Measurement by Thomas Eckes ^New

Section I: Cito variation on the bookmark method by Frank van der Schoot ^New